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St. John the Evangelist on Patmos by Hieronymous Bosch, c. 1489 | |
| Born | 6 AD Pool of Bethesda, Jerusalem |
|---|---|
| Died | ~100 AD Ephesus, Roman Empire (?) |
| Venerated in | Catholic Church |
| Major works | Book of Revelation |
| Part of a series of articles on |
| John in the Bible |
|---|
| Johannine literature |
| Authorship |
| Related literature |
| See also |
Stephen Harris' text is the best-selling nonsectarian guide designed for students undertaking their first systematic study of the bible, and it is the only single-volume text that provides both a comprehensive historical-cultural background for the entire biblical era and a rigorous analysis of each individual work of the Old Testament, Apocrypha, and New Testament.
- The Bible – This course is a survey of the basic content and major themes of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), New Testament, and Apocryphal writings. These are the Student Learning Objectives: 1. Students will demonstrate familiarity with the basic contents and major themes in the Hebrew Bible, New Testament, and Apocrypha.
- HARRIS Professor University of Massachusetts P.O. Box 805 Department of English Amherst, MA 01004 Bartlett Hall (413) 253-1163 Amherst, MA 10003 sharris@english.umass.edu (413) 545-6598 Professor, Department of English, UMass.
John of Patmos (also called John the Revelator, John the Divine or John the Theologian; Greek: Ἰωάννης ὁ Θεολόγος; Coptic: ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ) is the author named as John in the Book of Revelation, the apocalyptic text forming the final book of the New Testament. The text of Revelation states that John was on Patmos, a Greek island where, by most biblical historians, he is considered to be in exile as a result of anti-Christian persecution under the Roman emperor Domitian.[1][2]
Understanding The Bible Stephen Harris Pdf Writer Online
Since the Roman era, Christians and historians have considered the Book of Revelation's writer to be John the Apostle (John the Evangelist), professed author of the Gospel of John. However, a minority of senior clerics and scholars, such as Eusebius (d. 339/340), recognise at least one further John as a companion of Jesus Christ, John the Presbyter 'after an interval, placing him among others outside of the number of the apostles'. Some Christian scholars since medieval times separate the disciple(s) from Revelation's writer, John the Divine.[3][4]
Book of Revelation[edit]
The author of the Book of Revelation identifies himself only as 'John'.[5] Traditionally, this was often believed to be the same person as John, son of Zebedee, one of the apostles of Jesus, to whom the Gospel of John was also attributed.[5] The early-2nd-century writer, Justin Martyr, was the first to equate the author of Revelation with John the Evangelist.[6] Other early Christian writers, however, such as Dionysius of Alexandria and Eusebius of Caesarea, noting the differences in language and theological outlook between this work and the Gospel,[7] discounted this possibility, and argued for the exclusion of the Book of Revelation from the canon as a result.[8] The early Christian writer Papias appeared in his writings to distinguish between John the Evangelist and John the Elder,[9] and many biblical scholars now contend that the latter was the author of Revelation.[10][11][12]
Island of Patmos[edit]
John is considered to be exiled to Patmos, undergoing a time of persecution under the Roman rule of Domitian. Revelation 1:9 states: 'I, John, both your brother and companion in tribulation ... was on the island that is called Patmos for the word of God and for the testimony of Jesus Christ.' Adela Yarbro Collins, a biblical scholar at Yale Divinity School, writes:
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Early tradition says that John was banished to Patmos by the Roman authorities. This tradition is credible because banishment was a common punishment used during the Imperial period for a number of offenses. Among such offenses were the practices of magic and astrology. Prophecy was viewed by the Romans as belonging to the same category, whether Pagan, Jewish, or Christian. Prophecy with political implications, like that expressed by John in the book of Revelation, would have been perceived as a threat to Roman political power and order. Three of the islands in the Sporades were places where political offenders were banished. (Pliny, Natural History 4.69–70; Tacitus, Annals 4.30)[13]
John was allegedly banished by the Roman authorities to the Greek island of Patmos, where, according to tradition, he wrote the Book of Revelation. According to Tertullian (in The Prescription of Heretics) John was banished (presumably to Patmos) after being plunged into boiling oil in Rome and suffering nothing from it. It is said that all in the audience of Colosseum were converted to Christianity upon witnessing this miracle. This event would have occurred in the late 1st century, during the reign of the Emperor Domitian.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Souvay, Charles. 'Patmos.'The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 12 Jan. 2009
- ^Phillips, J. B. 'Book 27 - Book of Revelation'. 12 January 1962.Cite web requires
website=(help)People, Places, Customs, Concepts, Journeys - the New Testament with integrated notes and maps 1962. - ^Stephen L Harris, Understanding the Bible, (Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1985), 355
- ^Ehrman, Bart D. (2004). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. New York: Oxford. p. 468. ISBN0-19-515462-2.
- ^ ab'Revelation, Book of.' Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005
- ^Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, 81.4
- ^Ben Witherington, Revelation, (Cambridge University Press) page 2.
- ^Ehrman, Bart D. (2000). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 432. ISBN0-19-515462-2.
- ^Richard Bauckham, Jesus and the Eyewitnesses (William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2006)
- ^Robert H. Mounce, The Book of Revelation (Wm B. Eerdmans Publications) page 10.
- ^Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. p. 355
- ^Ehrman, Bart D. (2004). The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings. New York: Oxford. p. 468. ISBN0-19-515462-2.
- ^Adela Collins. (1985). 'Patmos' [In] Paul J. Achtemeier [Ed.]. (1985) Harper's Bible Dictionary. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row. p. 755.
External links[edit]
- Quotations related to John of Patmos at Wikiquote